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Arthur Guinness (1725 – 23 January 1803) was an Irish brewer and the founder of the Guinness brewery business and family. He was also an entrepreneur, visionary and philanthropist. At 27, in 1752, Guinness's godfather Arthur Price, the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Cashel, bequeathed him £100 in his will. Guinness invested the money and in 1755 had a brewery at Leixlip, just 17 km from Dublin. In 1759, Guinness went to the city and set up his own business. He took a 9,000-year lease〔(The Story: "1759: It begins with a signature" ) Official web site. Retrieved< 22 October 2013.〕 on the brewery at St. James's Gate from the descendants of Sir Mark Rainsford for an annual rent of £45. Guinness's florid signature is still copied on every label of bottled Guinness. == Background == Arthur Guinness was born into the Protestant Guinness family, part of the Anglo-Irish aristrocracy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Flann O'Brien & Modernism )〕 They are claimed to descend from the Gaelic Magennis clan of County Down.〔Robert Bell "The Book of Ulster Surnames", published 1997〕 Recent DNA evidence however suggests descent from the McCartans, another County Down clan, whose spiritual home lay in the townland of "Guiness" near Ballynahinch, County Down.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC NEWS - UK - Northern Ireland - Guinness origins begin to settle )〕 Guinness's place and date of birth are the subject of speculation. His gravestone in Oughterard, County Kildare says he died on 23 January 1803, at age 78, indicating that he was born some time in 1724 or very early in 1725. This contradicts the date of 28 September 1725 chosen by the Guinness company in 1991, apparently to end speculation about his birthdate.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cold, Hard Football Facts.com: The Truth Hurts )〕 The place of birth was perhaps his mother's home at Read homestead at Ardclough County Kildare.〔Corry, Eoghan and Tancred, Jim "The Annals of Ardclough" pp70-71 (2004)〕 In 2009 it was claimed he was born in nearby Celbridge〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Maynooth Town )〕 where his parents lived in 1725 and where his father later became land steward for the Archbishop of Cashel, Dr. Arthur Price, and may have brewed beer for the other workers on the estate. In his will, Dr. Price left £100 each to "his servant" Arthur and his father in 1752. Starting his first brewery in Leixlip in 1755, he also bought a long lease of an adjacent site from George Bryan "of Philadelphia" in 1756 that was developed as investment property.〔George Bryan was born in Dublin in 1731, and became one of the American revolutionary leaders in the 1770s.〕 In 1761 he married Olivia Whitmore in St. Mary's Church, Dublin, and they had 21 children, 10 of whom lived to adulthood. Olivia's father was William Whitmore, a grocer in Essex Street, Temple Bar, Dublin, and her mother was Mary Grattan from Carbury, County Kildare. From 1764 they lived at Beaumont House, which he had built on a farm, which is now a part of Beaumont Convalescent Home, behind the main part of Beaumont Hospital, between Santry and Raheny in north County Dublin. His landlord was Charles Gardiner.〔National Library of Ireland, Gardiner Papers, Mss. 36,501-36,626〕 Beaumont (meaning beautiful hill) was named by Arthur and the later Beaumont parish copied the name. From March 1798 he lived at Mountjoy Square in Dublin, which was then in the process of being built in the style of elegant Georgian architecture, . Three of his sons were also brewers, and his other descendants eventually included missionaries, politicians, and authors (see: Guinness family). He died in Dublin and was buried in his mother's family plot at Oughterard, County Kildare in January 1803. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arthur Guinness」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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